1BRC—The Results Are In!

The One Billion Row Challenge (1BRC) has concluded after one month with 164 submissions and 587 pull requests. The challenge required aggregating temperature data from a 1-billion-row file as fast as possible in Java. Top entries achieved sub-2-second execution times on 8 cores, a 188x improvement over the baseline. Key findings: all Top 10 entries used Java's Unsafe class for memory access, and nearly all used GraalVM native binaries for faster startup and peak performance. Bonus evaluations on 32 cores/64 threads pushed times below 400ms. The challenge attracted implementations in Go, Rust, C/C++, and other languages beyond Java, with 3K GitHub stars and 1.1K forks.