A detailed comparison of RBAC-based in-house authorization versus Cerbos (a PBAC platform) for utility companies, using a fictional company EGL Ltd as the case study. Covers four real-world scenarios: SCADA gas sensor emergency access with contextual ABAC policies, zero-downtime policy rollouts, vendor app migration (200 policies migrated in 2 sprints vs. 12), ISO27001 compliance audit log retrieval, and third-party vendor onboarding with fine-grained read-only access. Includes YAML and Python code examples showing how attribute-based conditions (time, location, authorization status) replace static role checks, and how Cerbos Hub enables hot-reload policy updates without application downtime.